random number picker
reduction shuffle
scatter shuffle
shuffle
**4**
**OUR JOURNEY CONTINUES**
**Have you ever stopped to think that the shuffling business might have an "upside?" Well, it does. After all, as we have already seen, the best random number generators on the market generate numbers that are truly random. But in chapter three, we mentioned that the best random number generators don't work for all hands. The reason we used the term _nonrandom_ is that we often want numbers that are not random. We want numbers that will fit into our game nicely.
One of the best known random number generators is called _Monty Hall._ It is actually a modification of a technique invented in the 1950s by a nuclear engineer named Dennis R. Montague. Monty Hall's idea was to change the way we play the game "Let's Make a Deal."
Suppose you are about to have a choice between three pieces of valuable jewelry—a necklace, earrings, and a bracelet—on the game show _Let's Make a Deal._ You start out with a $100 bill in your pocket. The host, the dealer, and a cameraman will also watch the show.
You know that a choice will be made about what to replace with the money. You can guess that the host has chosen a single valuable item. You can choose to put the $100 bill in your pocket or to give it to the dealer. So, you pick one of the items to play for. The host reveals the other two items, and the game is over.
The game has three rounds, and in each round you will be offered a chance to change your selection. Your initial selection is the one in the middle of the box, with the two others on either side. The game is fun, but everyone knows that the host will always choose the middle item. The host knows this because she makes sure you won't find out about it until it's too late.
If you guessed that the host would choose the middle one, you would be right. So, to solve this problem, we need a way to keep the host from choosing the middle one.
Consider this: The host has a "box" behind the podium. The middle item is in the box. The host has opened the box and is about to replace it with the jewelry when a host assistant opens
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